Prior to graduation, every Performance major must have had appropriate literature courses in the major area, either on the undergraduate or the graduate level. For pianists, this means Piano Literature; for singers, this means both Song Literature (if the student had Song Literature at the undergraduate level, this suffices) and Opera Literature; for orchestral instrumentalists, this means both Orchestral Instrument Literature and Chamber Music Literature. Curricular deficiencies in these areas may be removed with either undergraduate or graduate credit. Piano, Song, and Orchestral Instrument Literature classes are 500-level courses. Opera and Chamber Literature are 600-level courses. Because all graduate students must take at least one academic course at the 600-level, pianists will normally need to take Opera or Chamber Literature in addition to Piano Literature. Literature classes are offered on a 2-year rotation; graduate students must take their required literature course at the time they are offered.